Nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis, also known as Khalazar or Aleppo boil, is a rare and debilitating disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. Nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis is transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies and is characterized by symptoms such as nasal discharge, facial swelling, and breathing difficulties. The disease is prevalent in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America and is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity. Alternative synonyms for nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis include kala-azar, black fever, visceral leishmaniasis, and Dum-Dum fever. Early detection and treatment of nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis can prevent the progression of the disease and minimize its potentially life-threatening effects.