New World Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies. There are three main forms of this disease, each caused by different species of Leishmania parasites: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. The cutaneous form causes skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form affects the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat. The visceral form affects the internal organs, such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Synonyms for New World Leishmaniasis include American Leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, espundia, chiclero ulcer, and Leishmaniasis amazonensis. Early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is crucial for preventing severe complications.