Extremes of fantastic hope and skepticism paradoxically coexist in Borges' thought.At the beginning of the essay on Hawthorne, Borges again briefly traces the history of a metaphor — the likening of our dreams to a theatrical performance — and adds that true metaphors cannot be invented, since they have always existed.time must exist in order to provide the successive identities with which it is to be "refuted."Both are uses of what he calls a pantheist extension of the principle of identity — God is all things: a suitably heterogeneous selection of these may allude to Totality — which has, as he notes in the essay on Whitman, unlimited rhetorical possibilities.
Jorge Luis Borges