Consumerism, a term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services, can be replaced with a number of synonyms depending on context. Materialism, commercialism, and mercantilism are all closely related, describing a focus on material possessions or a profit-driven economic system. More specific synonyms might include retail culture, shopping culture, or consumption culture, which all describe the social and economic practices associated with buying and selling goods. Alternatively, critics of consumerism might use words such as anti-consumerism, minimalism, or frugality to describe an alternative approach that prioritizes simplicity, sustainability, and mindful consumption. Ultimately, the choice of synonym will depend on the speaker's attitude towards consumerism and the tone they wish to convey.