The term "refers" can be substituted with several equivalent expressions that convey the same meaning. Synonyms for "refers" include "mentions," which pertains to citing or bringing up something in conversation, text, or speech. Another equivalent phrase is "alludes to," which means to hint, suggest, or indicate something without making explicit mention of it. Similarly, the term "points to" signifies the act of indicating or directing attention towards something. Other synonyms that can be used interchangeably with "refers" are "cites," "notes," and "states." These words can be utilized in various contexts, including academic research, writing, and everyday conversations.