When expressed inadequately, deficiency can entail a lack of something, an insufficiency, or an absence in quantity, quality, knowledge, or skill. It can take many forms, such as scarcity, deficit, deprivation, or shortage, all signifying a shortfall of something essential or required. In some cases, deficiency can also denote a defect, an impairment, or a weakness. Synonyms for the word deficiency include shortfall, scarceness, inadequacy, insufficiency, dearth, and poverty. Using synonyms can help to make your writing more varied and engaging, and provide a better understanding of the important concepts you are attempting to communicate.